Khazaria

From Wikinfo

History of Russia
centuries / years
Early East Slavic states	pre-8th
Volga Bulgaria	7th–13th
Khazars	7th–10th
Rus' Khaganate	8th–9th
Kievan Rus'	9th–12th
Vladimir-Suzdal	12th–14th
Novgorod Republic	12th–15th
Mongol invasion	1220s–1240s
Golden Horde	1240s–1480s
Grand Duchy of Moscow	1340–1547
Tsardom of Russia	1547–1721
Russian Empire	1721–1917
1721–1796 · 1796–1855 · 1855–1892 1892–1917
Soviet Russia / USSR	1917–1991
1917–1927 (1917 Revolution · Civil War) 1927–1953 · 1953–1985 · 1985–1991
Russian Federation	since 1991

Timeline

Khazaria also known as Khazar khaganate was the country of the Khazars, neighboring the Byzantine Empire in the southwest, Kievan Rus' in the northwest, and Azerbaijan in the southeast. This Turkic people adopted Judaism in the 8th or 9th century.

As an independent state, Khazaria existed between about 652 and 1016. Its supreme ruler was known by the title "khagan". Its last khagan was named George Tsul. Much of Khazaria was covered by steppe land. Khazaria bordered the Caspian Sea and Black Sea. The Volga River passed through eastern Khazaria.

Major cities of Khazaria included:

Along the Caspian coast and Volga delta --

In the Caucasus --

Maghas (Alan capital)

Sukhumi (Abkhazian capital)