Trần Dynasty

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Carve images on Dong Son Bronze drums
History of Vietnam
LIFE & LANDS BEFORE BIRTH OF CHRIST
Geologic history 2 billion BC onward
Existence of Gigantopithecus 5 million–100,000 BC
Appearance of Anthropoids 600,000 BC onward
Red River civilization 21st millennium BC onward
Hồng Bàng Dynasty 4th m.–258 BC
Thục Dynasty 257–207 BC
Triệu Dynasty 207–111 BC
LONG ECLIPSE & PATTERN OF RESISTANCE
First Chinese domination 111 BC–39 AD
Trưng Queen 40–43
Second Chinese domination 43–544
Anterior Lý Dynasty and Triệu Việt Vương 544–602
Third Chinese domination 602–905
Autonomy 905–938
CONSOLIDATION & TERRITORIAL EXPANSION
Ngô Dynasty 939–965
The upheavals of Twelve warlords 966–968
Đinh Dynasty 968–980
Prior Lê Dynasty 980–1009
Lý Dynasty 1009–1225
Trần Dynasty 1225–1400
Hồ Dynasty 1400–1407
Posterior Trần Dynasty 1407–1413
Fourth Chinese domination 1414–1427
Later Lê Dynasty (Early Lê) 1428–1527
SOUTH–NORTH DYNASTIES & COUNTRY BREAKS UP
Mạc Dynasty 1527–1533
Later Lê Dynasty (Restored Lê) 1533–1788 Mạc Dynasty 1533–1677
Trịnh Lords 1545–1787 Nguyễn Lords 1558–1777



Tây Sơn Dynasty 1778–1802
DEATH OF MONARCHY & COMMUNIST TRIUMPH
Nguyễn Dynasty 1802–1945
North-South Separation during the Indochina Wars 1945–1975
Socialism from 1976

The Trần Dynasty (Vietnamese: Nhà Trần or Trần Triều) was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled Vietnam (at that time known as Đại Việt) from 1225 to 1400. They are credited with 3 victories over Mongol invasions, most notably a decisive battle at the Bạch Đằng River.

The dynasty began in 1225 when king Thái Tông ascended to the throne after overthrowing the Lý Dynasty. The dynasty ruled for a total of 175 years, ending in 1400 when king Thiếu Đế, then 5 years old, was forced to abdicate the throne in favor of his maternal grandfather Hồ Quý Ly.

Contents

History

The person who actually founded the Trần Dynasty was Trần Thủ Độ. When the Lý Dynasty was in a period of decline, much of the power fell into the hands of Trần Thủ Độ. After he forced Lý Chiêu Hoàng (then 7 years old) to abdicate the throne for her husband Trần Cảnh (then 8), the Trần Dynasty officially began. In their 175-year reign, the Trần rulers three times successfully led the Vietnamese people in their resistance against the invading Mongol forces of the Yuan Dynasty: in 1258, 1285, and 1288. (See Mongol invasions of Vietnam.) However, in their later years (from Emperor Dụ Tông on), the dynasty declined due to many reasons, foremost among them was the weakness and corruption of the civil service system. Finally, in 1400, Hồ Quý Ly usurped the throne, ending the Trầns' 175-year rule.

It was also under the Trần Dynasty that Vietnam started the southward expansion (Nam Tiến) and a series of wars with its southern neighbor, Champa. The Đại Việt kingdom eventually emerged not only as winner in this series of wars but also prevented eastward expansion of the Indian-Thai influence.

Period of decline and rise of Hồ Quý Ly

Trần rulers

Temple name (Miếu Hiệu) Era name (Niên Hiệu) Name Birth - Death Reign Posthumous name (Thụy Hiệu) Royal tomb
Thái Tông Kiến Trung
(1226-1232)
Thiên Ứng Chính Bình
(1232-1251)
Nguyên Phong
(1251-1258)
Trần Cảnh 1218-1277 1226-1258 Thống thiên ngự cực long công mậu đức hiển hòa hựu thuận thần văn thánh vũ nguyên hiếu hoàng đếChiêu Lăng
Thánh Tông Thiệu Long
(1258-1272)
Bảo Phù
(1273-1278)
Trần Hoảng 1240-1291 1258-1278 Huyền công thịnh đức nhân minh văn vũ tuyên hiếu hoàng đế Dụ Lăng
Nhân Tông Thiệu Bảo
(1278-1285)
Trùng Hưng
(1285-1293)
Trần Khâm 1258-1308 1278-1293 Pháp Thiên Sùng Đạo Ứng Thế Hoa Dân Long Từ Hiển Huệ Thánh Văn Thần Vũ Nguyên Minh Duệ Hiếu Hoàng đế Đức Lăng
Anh Tông Hưng Long Trần Thuyên 1276-1320 1293-1314 Hiển Văn Duệ Vũ Khâm Minh Nhân Hiếu Hoàng đế Thái Lăng
Minh Tông Đại Khánh
(1314-1323)
Khai Thái
(1324-1329)
Trần Mạnh 1300-1357 1314-1329 Chương Nghêu Văn Triết hoàng đếMục Lăng
Hiến Tông Khai Hựu Trần Vượng 1319-1341 1329-1341  ? Xương An Lăng
Dụ Tông Thiệu Phong
(1341-1357)
Đại Trị
(1358-1369)
Trần Hạo 1336-1369 1341-1369  ? Phụ Lăng
- Đại Định Dương Nhật Lễ  ?-1370 1369-1370 dethroned
Hôn Đức Công
killed
Nghệ Tông Thiệu Khánh Trần Phủ 1321-1394 1370-1372 Quang Nghiêu Anh Triết Hoàng Đế Nguyên Lăng
Duệ Tông Long Khánh Trần Kính  ?-1377 1373-1377  ? Hy Lăng
- Xương Phù Trần Hiện 1361-1388 1377-1388 Phế Đế(dethroned), relegated to Linh Đức Vương An Bài Mountain
Thuận Tông Quang Thái Trần Ngung 1378-1399 1388-1398 forced to abdicate and commit suicide Yên Sinh tomb
- Kiến Tân Trần An 1396-? 1398-1400 Thiếu Đế
overthrown by Hồ Quý Ly
relegated to Bảo Ninh Đại Vương
 ?

Lineage

1
Trần Thái Tông
1226 - 1258
 
 
2
Trần Thánh Tông
1258 - 1278
 
 
3
Trần Nhân Tông
1278 - 1293
 
 
4
Trần Anh Tông
1293 - 1314
 
 
5
Trần Minh Tông
1314 - 1329
 
 
 
8
Trần Nghệ Tông
1370 - 1372
  6
Trần Hiến Tông
1329 - 1341
  7
Trần Dụ Tông
1341 - 1369
  9
Trần Duệ Tông
1373 - 1377
 
   
11
Trần Thuận Tông
1388 - 1398
  10
Trần Phế Đế
1377 - 1388
 
 
12
Trần Thiếu Đế
1398 - 1400
 
Preceded by
Lý Dynasty
Dynasty of Vietnam
1225-1400
Succeeded by
Hồ Dynasty

References

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